Bixa Orellana
Family : bixaceae / achiote
Common Name : Lipstick Tree
Part Used : Seeds, Dried pulp of fruits.
Color : Orange - Yellow
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Introduction : Annatto is a colored pigment extracted from the plant Bixa orellana. The color comes from the resinous outer covering of the seeds of the plant.
Pigment : Composed of the carotenoid pigments bixin, norbixin, and their esters.
History : The indigenous people have used the annatto seeds for many centuries as body paint during festivities, as a fabric dye, as a sunscreen and against insect bites. Traditionally, the crushed seeds are soaked in water that is allowed to evaporate. A brightly colored paste is produced which is added to soups, cheeses, and other foods to give them a bright yellow or orange color.
Uses :
Annatto paste is used as a natural dye for cloth and wool.
Used in the paint, varnish, lacquer, cosmetic, and soap industries.
In food industries, its uses are in culinary, ice cream, desserts, confectionery, bakery, soft drinks, instant products, meat products, and dairy products.
Annatto is used in foods to provide color in cheese, butter, margarine, and microwave popcorn.
It is often used as a substitute for the expensive herb saffron.
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Beta vulgaris
Family : Chenopodiaceae / goosefoot
Common Name : Beet Root
Part Used : Root
Color : Red - Pink
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Introduction : Betalaines, found in beets, are naturally occurring pigments. Beet juice extract functions best between pH 4 and 7. At pH 4 to 5, it is a bright bluish-red, at higher pH, the hue becomes blue-violet, while on the alkaline side betanin breaks down to a yellow-brown. The pigments extracted are made up of yellow fractions and a red fraction chemically called betanin, representing 75-95% of the total color present.
Pigment : The betacyanins are red and the betaxanthins are yellow.
History : Beet roots were eaten by the Greeks at least 2000 years ago, and the Romans were the first to take an interest in beetroot, which they utilized for their medicinal properties, but it wasn't until the 17th century that beets with round, red roots became available.
Uses :
Products successfully colored with beet juice would be ones with short shelf-life requirements such as ice cream, cake icings, mixes, and yogurt.
Products sold in a dry state such as gelatin desserts, fruit chews, gravies, and sauces.
Products packaged to reduce light exposure; oxygen and humidity such as foil pouched soups, powdered health beverages.
Products that do not require prolonged heating such as frozen products, chewable tablets and pharmaceutical elixirs.
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Caesalpinia sappan
Family : Leguminosae
Common Name : Sappan
Part Used : Heartwood
Color : Patang Red - Violet - Pink
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Introduction : Sappan consists of the heartwood of Caesalpinia Sappan,, a tree indigenous to India. The wood occurs in red, hard, heavy pieces, or in orange-red chips. It is whitish when freshly cut, but becomes red on exposure to air. Processing involves three stages: production of a crude extract "black catechu"; isolation of "katha" and solidification of the residue, "cutch".
Pigment : Sappanin, Brasilin, Haematoxylin are the chemical constituents giving colors it a unique color. Solutions of both brasilin and sappanin assume a carmine-red color in contact with even traces of caustic alkalies, whereas solution of haematoxylin becomes purple.
History : The major producer of cutch and katha is India where production is based in the Northern provinces on wild and cultivated trees and involves both cottage-scale and industrial-scale processing for domestic usage in dyestuff, tanning and medicine.
Uses :
Production of a crude extract "black catechu" has been traditionally employed for crude dyeing, leather tanning and in indigenous medicines.
Cutch is employed as a cheap brown dye and preservative for canvas, fishing nets and similar items and also as a tanning agent for leather, particularly in India. In more recent times, cutch has found use as a viscosity modifier in oil well drilling.
Katha is a brown semi-crystalline substance that contains catechin and its isomers. It is used as an ingredient of "pan" and "pan masala" chewing confectionery in India.
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Caramel
Common Name : Caramel
Color : Caramel
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Introduction : Brown coloring agent resulting from controlled-heating, food-grade carbohydrates such as glucose, invert sugar, malt syrup, molasses, sucrose-- generally a high dextrose-containing starch hydrolysate or corn syrup gives the widely used natural color called caramel color.
Pigment : Caramel color is water-soluble. Its color ranges from golden brown to nearly black. Caramel color is stable under most conditions but certain caramel colors will darken slightly with a rise in pH. The lighter brewing caramels are more susceptible to dilution, direct sunlight or UV light.
Uses : Thousands of companies use caramel colors in the manufacture of various foods and beverages.
Soft Drinks : This accounts for the largest portion of caramel color usage in the world.
In Root Beer and other carbonated drinks, caramel color serves as an emulsifier to impede separation of flavor oil.
Alcohol Beverages : Caramel colors are used in beer, whiskey, wine, rum and liqueurs.
Food Products : Soya sauce, chocolate milk, cookies, sausage casing, soups and gravy containing meat products, bakery, fillings, toppings, cakes, and icings.
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Chlorophyll
Common Name : Chlorophyll
Color : Green
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Introduction : Plants contain a variety of pigments. Chlorophyll, the main pigment found in all land plants, is the major photosynthetic pigment. Chlorophyll captures the energy found in red and blue wavelengths of light and uses it to produce glucose during photosynthesis. While nature makes an array of hues, including the greens produced by chlorophyll, natural green color is derived from sources such as the Spinach extracted Chlorophylls, or Phytoalgaes like the spirulina.
The blue-green algae known as spirulina is used as a nutritional additive, may impart the characterizing color to a beverage or other nutraceutical. Spirulina is the only true, blue natural color currently being commercialized.
Pigment : In, addition to chlorophyll, carotenoids, known as "accessory pigments", capture different wavelengths of light and pass the energy to the chlorophyll a for use during photosynthesis. These accessory pigments often have additional functions such as acting as a "sunscreen" to protect plant cells from sunlight damage.
Uses :
Spinach Extract :
Copper chlorophyll is used in products such as Bakery, soups, vegetable oil, and fat based product application.
Sodium chlorophyll as a color additive in citrus-based dry beverage and thus, it is
suitable for its use in beverages, frozen desserts, sugar confectionery, sauces.
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